Not sure why that didn't work for me, but I had to create a Dockerfile:
FROM ubuntu:22.04
, RUN apt update
, RUN apt install -y ca-certificates
, ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/cat", "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"]
and then run: docker build -t ubuntu-tmp && docker run --rm ubuntu-tmp > ca-certificates.crt